Internal thoracic artery

Artery: Internal thoracic artery
Right internal thoracic artery and its branches. (Internal mammary artery labeled at upper right.)
Latin arteria thoracica interna, arteria mammaria interna
Gray's subject #148 583
Source Subclavian artery   
Branches Pericardiophrenic
Anterior intercostal branches
Musculophrenic
Superior epigastric
Perforating branches
Vein Internal thoracic vein
MeSH Mammary+Arteries

In human anatomy, the internal thoracic artery (ITA), previously known as the internal mammary artery (a name still common among surgeons), is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.

Contents

Course

The internal thoracic artery arises from the subclavian artery near its origin.

It travels downward on the inside of the ribcage, approximately a centimeter from the sides of the sternum, and thus medial to the nipple.

It runs deep to the internal intercostal muscles, but superficial to the transverse thoracic muscles.

It continues downward until it divides into the musculophrenic artery and the superior epigastric artery around the sixth intercostal space.

Branches

After passing the sixth intercostal space, the internal thoracic artery splits into the following two terminal branches:

Revascularization with the ITA

The internal thoracic artery is the cardiac surgeon's blood vessel of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. The left ITA has a superior long-term patency to saphenous vein grafts[1][2] and other arterial grafts[3] (e.g. radial artery, gastroepiploic artery) when grafted to the left anterior descending coronary artery, generally the most important vessel, clinically, to revascularize. Plastic surgeons may use either the left or right internal thoracic arteries for autologous free flap reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy. Usually a micro-vascular anastomosis is performed at the second intercostal space to the artery on which the free flap is based.

Additional images

References

  1. ^ Kitamura, S; Kawachi, K; Kawata, T; Kobayashi, S; Mizuguchi, K; Kameda, Y; Nishioka, H; Hamada, Y et al. (1996). "Ten-year survival and cardiac event-free rates in Japanese patients with the left anterior descending artery revascularized with internal thoracic artery or saphenous vein graft: a comparative study". Nippon Geka Gakkai zasshi 97 (3): 202–9. PMID 8649330. 
  2. ^ Arima, M; Kanoh, T; Suzuki, T; Kuremoto, K; Tanimoto, K; Oigawa, T; Matsuda, S (2005). "Serial angiographic follow-up beyond 10 years after coronary artery bypass grafting". Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 69 (8): 896–902. doi:10.1253/circj.69.896. PMID 16041156. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/69/8/896/_pdf. 
  3. ^ Cohen, G; Tamariz, MG; Sever, JY; Liaghati, N; Guru, V; Christakis, GT; Bhatnagar, G; Cutrara, C et al. (2001). "The radial artery versus the saphenous vein graft in contemporary CABG: a case-matched study". The Annals of thoracic surgery 71 (1): 180–5; discussion 185–6. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02285-2. PMID 11216742. 

External links

Figures of ITA grafts